Archive for August, 2008

Ping Pong, Patience, Psychology

Sunday, August 31st, 2008
After 48 years, the Singapore women table tennis team finally got through the nerve-wrecking semi-finals to end the medal drought. It was the most fascinating experience watching the semi-final game live. And hence the inspiration to draw parallels between table tennis and investing.

For those who missed the game (btw it was office hours, so most diligent, career-focused Singaporeans were actually working hard), let me just briefly summarized what happened. Feng Tianwei won the first match easily and it looked like the rest of the game should be a breeze for Singapore. But Li Jiawei lost the 2nd match after 5 tough games. Singapore came back to win the doubles, then Wang Yuegu lost the 4th despite putting up a very strong fight and it has to come to the 5th match. Of course our heroine Feng battled all out in the last match and finally broke the Koreans.

The Koreans are very defensive players, they chopped the balls all the time and simply waited for the Singaporeans to make mistakes. That was how Li Jiawei lost. She was not on form and her successful smash rate was definitely below par. But needless to say, when she succeeds, the smash was a sure killer. Feng, on the other hand, smashes with higher success but seldom kills the opponent, ie they managed to defend. And from my laymen point of view, Feng is definitely more patient, only smashing when she is sure the ball will hit the table.

In investing, this concept is actually pretty important. Buffett used to remind us, "Imagine you only have 15 bullets in your life, do you shoot everything that pops out, or do you go for the big turkey?" Li Jiawei goes for the kill at the slimmest chance, she misses a lot but when she hits, its a grand slam. Yes, the opponent get killed spectacularly, but it's still just one point.

In investing, Jiawei's strategy can work if that grand slam is a 10 bagger, and you recover all your losses from the other 9 losing bets. This is how Venture Capital (VC) works. But my guess is you will have better luck with Feng's strategy. And this ties in with patience. Don't simply buy stuff on a spur. Cosco has dropped 50%, it is definitely a buy now! SPC dividend yield is 10%, buy!

There are reasons why they dropped so much in the first place. Exercise patience, strike when your chances of success are very high, not just when it is hot.

Back to the matches, it occured to me that it should be quite unlikely whereby someone is down by 2 games and then comes back to win the next 3 games and win the match. Similarly, if you are lagging by even just 2 or 3 points and your opponent is at game/match point, it is quite difficult to win. Psychology is at work here. In order to counter this, a lot of mind training is needed. In this aspect, I would say the Singapore team was quite good, but the Koreans were better. Of course, world No.1 Zhang Yining, is probably the best at this.

In investing, your opponent is the market. Most of the time, you are down by 2 to 3 points bcos it is very hard to beat the market. 90% of all professional fund managers underperform the market. So you need to train your mind and be calm. Otherwise, emotions cloud everything and you make stupid mistakes. Trading rules some times help. E.g. stop loss levels, profit taking levels. Needless to say, right-sizing the bets is equally important. If your investment is too big and you are losing sleep, you need to scale it down.

Of course, most true blue value investors don't believe in trading rules and sizing of bets. They believe that if the stock is down, you should buy even more since it's cheaper now. And you should bet your house and car on it bcos that's how you maximize returns.
Investment advice, CFA tuition, stock analysis, value investing, financial statement, financial ratios, earnings drivers, SWOT analysis, secular trends, stock screens

Scrips dividend

Friday, August 29th, 2008
A fellow forum user asked me to explain the basics of scrip dividends. Here is my response. I thought that it's important to highlight this (even though the question is on MIIF) because one of the companies that I have partial ownership on - Pac Andes - is also going to do scrips dividends.

Here's my reply:

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There are two ways that companies can distribute cash - one is through cash (the normal route) and the other is through scrips dividends. I have the fortune of investing in two companies that offer scrips dividends, so I have a little bit of experience dealing with both.

Scrips dividends works like this basically:

1. Pays you the dividend in cash, but instead of you taking the cash, they buy more shares for you using the cash distributed to you from the dividends. The formula works like this:

New scrips obtained = (number of shares held at book closure date x amount of dividend distributed per share)/Issue price

2. To buy the shares using the dividends distributed, they have to use an issue price to buy. For the case of MIIF, the issue price is the arithmetic average of the daily volume weighted average price of a MIIF share during the pricing period of 5 market days from 29th Aug to 4th Sept inclusive. You do not have to do the calculation yourself, as they will issue another statement of the actual issue price on 5pm, 4th sept.

For some companies, in order to entice shareholders to subscribe to scrips dividends, they will offer a discount to this issue price. But for MIIF, there is no such discount.

To illustrate, let's say you are given a dividend per share of 0.20 cts per share. You held 10 lots at book closure and the issue price is $1.15.

No.of scrips obtained = (10,000 x 0.20)/1.15 =1739.13

Since the scrips are usually rounded down, you'll get 1739 new shares, making your total share holdings at 11 lots 739 odd shares.

(for hsbc, the rounding is carried forward to the next interim. So, the 0.13 not 'used' will be added to the next round of scrips dividends. I doubt MIIF practise that as it's a major admin problem)

3. You can opt to take part cash dividend and part scrips dividends, by putting in the amount in the form that they will send you.


Possible impact

1. As they offer scrips dividend, they will have to dilute their shares outstanding slightly by issuing more shares. If you didn't subscribe, your ownership of the comany dilutes a little. If you subscribe to the scrips, then there is no change to your ownership.

2. Subscribing it will subject you to having odd lots. Might make it harder to divest your shares as the odd lots have to be sold in unit share market or through broker only. For long term investor on the company, it is not a problem.

3. Subscribing will compound your returns on the company better than if you reinvest the dividends yourself from open market purchase and there are no brokerage costs incurred. However, in open market purchase, you can decide the price and time (and amount) to invest, whereas for scrips, they will determine everything but you do not have to pay for brokerage.

For more reference, you can refer to musicwhiz's blog on pac andes, as they are also issuing new scrips soon. It's the post dated 9th July, 2008

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For Pac andes, the issue price is 0.44 per share, with no discounts to it. I'm supposed to return this form "Scrip Dividend scheme - notice of election' to them by 5pm, 4th Sept, 2008, if I opt to receive shares instead of cash. If I do not wish to obtain shares and opt for cash instead, then I do not have to do anything at all. There is also an extra option to choose shares for all future dividends in the form.

Since the market price of Pac Andes currently is 0.365, I doubt there is any advantage of subscribing to scripts dividends. I suppose most other investors would choose to do the same as well, as the price difference between the issue price of 0.44 and the market price of 0.365 is simply too huge to offset the benefits of not paying commissions.

As such, my decision is not to do anything, which means I'll be taking my 2.07 cts per share of dividends :)

Falling wedge formation

Wednesday, August 27th, 2008
Doing this for a friend who asked me what is the meaning of falling wedge formation.



It's true...there is a falling wedge formation, awaiting confirmation. If it breaks green line (esp with heavy volume), then bullish confirmation is confirmed. This means there is more upside. I think this is quite likely. It's possible to reach up to 3010. If it breaks red line, then bullish signal becomes very very bearish sign. I think it's unlikely, but if it happens, then we might see 2400 level.

FJ Benjamin FY08 results

Sunday, August 24th, 2008
FJ Benjamin released its full year results for FY08 recently. I’m not interested in this company though I’m interested in the business. I followed this company since a number of forum friends had or once had vested interest in this company, so I’m doing it for the intellectual challenge that it might pose.

The press release as usual gave a very clear summary of how FJ ben is doing. The headlines mentioned about the 33% increment in turnover year on year, while the net profit (excluding exceptional items) went down 17%. Dividend of 2 cts per share is also given. I’ve learnt not to rely so much on press release or any media statement but to do more detail and independent work on the financial statements itself.

Here are the key figures for FJben:

----------------------------------------FY08----------------FY07
ROE(%)------------------------------10.6------------------10.8
Net margins(extraord. gains)-------4.3--------------------8.3
Net margins(no extraord.gains)----4.3--------------------6.8
Total debts to equity (%)-----------91.4------------------52.9
Current ratio---------------------------1.7--------------------2.5
Quick ratio-----------------------------0.93------------------1.73
EPS (SGD)--------------------------0.0261---------------0.0507

My take:

1. Big drop in the net margins while gross margins (not shown) remained almost constant. Two items caught my eye as I try to decipher what made the net margins dropped so much – rental of premises and depreciation of property, furniture, fixtures and equipment. The former increased by 59% while the latter increased by 80%. Why is there a big increase in depreciation? Rental premises increment is understandable as they opened 33 new stores in FY08. It sucks to have higher turnover of 33% yet net profit dropped by 31%, in my opinion.

Again, the low net margins make me rethink about the kind of business that FJben is involved. Im always amazed that the net margins of around 4% is not that different from Popular. Even excluding extraordinary gains in FY07, the net margins dropped from 6.8% to 4.3% in FY08.

2. Current ratio dropped in FY08, mainly due to a drop in cash and cash equivalents. The wide difference between current and quick ratio means that the bulk of current assets are held in inventories. Fashion is fickle, so it might not be such a good idea to look at current ratio but to look at quick ratio instead. FJ ben increased both current and non-current liabilities in FY08. Combined with the reduction in equities, this raised the total debt to equity ratio from 52.9% to 91.4%. I’m a little more worried about their short term liquidity problem rather than their long term problems. I think that their increased inventories could be due to more stores opening or that they have problems selling. Since I’m a brand idiot, the less I talk about their sales, the more intelligent I’ll look. Let’s move on.

3. ROE is almost constant from year to year. But a closer examination using dupont analysis suggests the underlying fundamentals contributing to the ROE had changed.

-------------------------FY08-------------------FY07
Net margins(%)------4.32---------------------8.33
Asset turnover--------1.29---------------------0.85
Financial leverage----1.91---------------------1.53
ROE (%)--------------10.6---------------------10.8

Net margins drop from FY07 to FY08 is compensated by the higher asset turnover and higher financial leverage, causing the ROE to remain almost the same. This gives me an impression that FJ ben is having higher turnover but is not translating into higher profit due to costs. If you ask me, the ROE of FY07 is fundamentally stronger than in FY08, despite the ROE being almost the same.

4. EPS dropped from 5.07 cts in FY07 to 2.61 cts in FY08. This is inclusive of extraordinary gains of around SGD 3.8 million in FY07. Stripping that off, the EPS in FY07 is around 4.16 cts per share. Moving forward, with the world teetering on the threats of recession, it’s hard to foresee earnings figure improving in next year. There is always mention of IR and Ion orchard contributing to higher sales, but for me, let the performance of these catalysts speak for themselves. I’ll rather by pessimistic about their future results and be pleasantly surprised than be optimistic about it and get a rude shock.

Here are the EPS and ROE figures in past FY:

----------------------2003-------2004-------2005-------2006-------2007------2008
ROE (%)-------------2%----------3%---------6%----------11%--------11%------11%
EPS (cents)----------0.52--------0.70--------1.50--------3.53--------5.07-------2.61


Valuation and price

Based on EPS of 2.61 cts per share and last closing price of $0.260, the PE is 10x. They gave a total of 2 cts per share dividend in FY08, thus giving a current dividend yield of 7.7%. This however, represents a payout of around 77% of EPS and the natural question of sustainability of the dividend arises. I'm not sure about their historical payout ratio though.



Looking at their historical PE, we can see a high historical PE of 34x and a low of around 5x. So, if we price FJben at a low PE of 5x, we'll get a price based on FY08's earnings of $0.130.

If we apply old Ben's strict net current asset value (using current assets - total liabilites then divide by shares outstanding), we'll get $0.140.

I calculated the NAV, it's 0.245 cts per share. But to be conservative, let's value the inventories at 50% of it's balance sheet value (why? I think 50% sales at Guess or Raoul would be very nice!), I'll get a bastardised NAV of $0.165 there. At this price, the PE is around 6x. Dividend yield will rise up to 12%. Yum yum :)

Stupid

Thursday, August 21st, 2008
There is a fellow blogger called Stupid but if name is an aspiration to strive towards, this blogger is anything but the name suggests.

Stupid (henceforth called Stu) mentioned about the irrational exuberance exhibited by buyers backed in August 2007. You can see it on Decipher's blog, dated 17th August, 2007. But to understand the messages between the lines, one needs to understand the language used by Stu.

1. L&S

This one is the crowd favourite question. Once and for all, L&S is a slang used by Stu to describe financial institutions. Another more common term might be BB, which to me, means the same thing. Stu probably worked in L&S before, so had the privileged knowledge of how insidious and manipulative they are. Stu's philosophy is not to believe in the lies issued by L&S and their cronies (erm, like FED for one) but to think independently. Therefore being smart, which is to follow L&S manipulations isn't really that smart...might as well be stupid.

2. OILies and GOLDies

This should be easy to decipher. Oil and gold. Stu had a few pet topics - inflation, gold/oil, L&S and currencies. Oh, Stu also believed in investing in 'polynomials' (the meaning of which will be described later) with good cash holdings and minimum debts, giving good yields.

3. Polynomials

Singapore is a unique place to invest in because of the presence of polynomials. These are big companies with monopolistic, duopolistic, tripolistic (and hence polypolisitc) kind of structure. There are only a few players, sanctioned by government and competition is thus restricted. Examples will be like the transport companies, telco companies and banks. I'm under strict orders not to mention more, so for those that I didn't mention, think harder :)

Some of the blue chips in Singapore are still overpriced, according to Stu. Only when it comes down to these target price will Stu consider buying. As it stands now, the price of these companies are still very much overpriced. Here's a few that Stu mentioned in cbox.

1. Capitaland - $2
2. SGX - $2
3. Singtel - $2.50
4. DBS and UOB between $15-$20. Perennial target for DBS is always $10, though hard to reach as the cash rich management will buy back shares to stem the price slide
5. OCBC between $6-$8
6. Citibank - $10. Actually Stu is aiming for between 0 to $10, if I remembered correctly.

For more stupid philosophy, visit Stu's site here, though it's no longer updated as frequently.

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Correction: Stupid dropped by on 31-Aug and informed me on some errata. First, Stupid had never worked in L&S before. Secondly, the fair value of Citibank is from $0 to $15. Sorry stupid!